The Complete Guide to the Byzantine Ghost Town of the Peloponnese
Mystras is one of the most important historical sites in Greece and one of the best-preserved Byzantine cities in Europe. Located near Sparta in the Peloponnese, on the eastern slopes of Mount Taygetos, Mystras attracts visitors from around the world with its medieval ruins, Byzantine churches, breathtaking views, and fascinating history. Today, Mystras is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and one of the top cultural attractions in southern Greece.
The History of Mystras
The history of Mystras began in the mid-13th century CE after the Fourth Crusade changed the political map of Greece. Following the Frankish conquest of the Peloponnese, the Principality of Achaia was established as a powerful Crusader state.
Around 1249, the Frankish ruler William II of Villehardouin built a massive fortress on a steep hill overlooking the fertile plains of Laconia. The strategic location allowed control of important trade and military routes across the Peloponnese. This fortress became the foundation of Mystras.
In 1259, after the Battle of Pelagonia, the Byzantines captured the fortress and transformed Mystras into a thriving Byzantine city. Soon, it became the capital of the Despotate of the Morea, a semi-autonomous province of the Byzantine Empire governed by imperial princes.
Why Mystras Became Important
During the 13th and 14th centuries, Mystras developed into one of the last great centres of Byzantine civilisation. Wealthy noble families, monks, scholars, and artists settled in the city, contributing to its political, spiritual, and cultural importance.
Magnificent churches, monasteries, palaces, and homes were built across the hillside. Many of the churches contain extraordinary Byzantine frescoes that remain remarkably preserved today. The Palace of the Despots became the political heart of the city, while monasteries such as Pantanassa and Peribleptos reflected the city’s spiritual influence.
It was also an important intellectual centre. The philosopher Gemistos Plethon taught there during the final years of the Byzantine Empire. His writings on classical Greek philosophy influenced scholars of the Italian Renaissance and helped revive interest in ancient Greek learning throughout Europe.
Ottoman Rule and the Decline of Mystras
In 1460, Mystras was conquered by the Ottoman Empire and remained under Ottoman rule for centuries, apart from brief periods of Venetian control. Although the city continued to exist, its political and economic importance gradually declined.
After the foundation of modern Sparta in the 19th century, many residents left it, and the once-great Byzantine city slowly fell into disuse. Today, its stone streets, ruined houses, churches, and fortifications create the atmosphere of a haunting medieval ghost town.
Visiting Mystras Today
Today, it is one of the best places in Greece to explore Byzantine history and medieval architecture. Visitors can walk through narrow cobbled streets, admire Byzantine churches, and enjoy spectacular panoramic views over the Spartan plain.
Top attractions in Mystras include the Fortress of Mystras, the Palace of the Despots, the Monastery of Pantanassa, and the Church of Peribleptos. The site is especially popular with history lovers, photographers, hikers, and travellers exploring the Peloponnese region.
Because of its exceptional cultural importance, UNESCO designated Mystras as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, helping preserve one of Greece’s most valuable Byzantine treasures.
Traditional Food and Gastronomy in Mystras and Laconia
A visit is also an opportunity to experience traditional Laconian cuisine. The region is famous for its high-quality olive oil and pork dishes.
One of the most famous local specialities is singlino, smoked pork cooked with oranges and spices. Pork is central to local gastronomy and is prepared in many forms, including traditional sausages and slow-roasted meats.
Visitors should also try kolokithokorfades, made with zucchini flowers, onion, garlic, tomato, and mint, as well as bardouniotikos rooster cooked with tomato sauce and hard white cheese. Other popular dishes include pitarakia or pitaroudes, savoury pies filled with spinach, wild greens, herbs, and onion leaves. Traditional boiled horta and kagianas, eggs fried with tomato, are also favourites throughout the Peloponnese.
Why You Should Visit
Mystras offers a unique combination of Byzantine history, medieval architecture, stunning landscapes, and authentic Greek gastronomy. Whether you are interested in archaeology, culture, photography, or traditional food, Mystras is one of the most unforgettable destinations in Greece and a must-visit attraction in the Peloponnese.
